Εσωτερικό της Μονής Geghard - Αρμενία: Το μοναστήρι του Geghard και η κοιλάδα του Άνω Azat περιέχει μια σειρά από εκκλησίες και τάφους, οι περισσότεροι από αυτούς λαξευμένοι στον ζωντανό βράχο, που απεικονίζουν την αρμενική μεσαιωνική αρχιτεκτονική στο υψηλότερο σημείο της. Το συγκρότημα των μεσαιωνικών κτιρίων βρίσκεται σε ένα τοπίο εξαιρετικής φυσικής ομορφιάς, στην είσοδο της κοιλάδας Azat. Ψηλά βράχια από τη βόρεια πλευρά περιβάλλουν το συγκρότημα ενώ το αμυντικό τείχος περιβάλλει το υπόλοιπο. Τα μνημεία που περιλαμβάνονται στο ακίνητο χρονολογούνται από τον 4ο-13ο αιώνα μ.Χ.
English
Interior of Monastery of Geghard - Armenia : Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley contains a number of churches and tombs, most of them cut into the living rock, which illustrate Armenian medieval architecture at its highest point. The complex of medieval buildings is set into a landscape of great natural beauty, at the entrance to the Azat Valley. High cliffs from the northern side surround the complex while the defensive wall encircles the rest. The monuments included in the property are dated from 4th-13th Century AD. At early period, the Monastery was called Ayrivank (Monastery in Cave) because of its rock-cut construction. Monastery was founded, according to tradition by St. Gregory the Illuminator, and was built following the adoption of Christianity as a state religion in Armenia (beginning of 4th Century AD). Main architectural complex was completed in 13th Century AD, and consists of the cathedral, the adjacent narthex, eastern and western rock-cut churches, the family tomb of Proshyan princes, Papak’s and Ruzukan’s tomb-chapel, as well as various cells and numerous rock-cut cross-stones (khachkars). The Kathoghikè (main church) is in the classic Armenian form, an equal-armed cross inscribed in a square in plan and covered with a dome on a square base, linked with the base by vaulting. The east arm of the cross terminates in an apse, the remainder being square. In the corners are small barrel-vaulted two-storey chapels. On the internal walls there are many inscriptions recording donations. Masonry of the external walls is particularly finely finished and fitted. A gavit (entrance hall) links it with first rock-cut church. The first rock-cut church was built before 1250 AD, entirely dug into the rock and on an equal-armed cruciform plan. To the east, a roughly square chamber cut into the rock was one of the princely tombs (zhamatoun) of the Proshyan Dynasty. This gives access to the second rock-cut church built in 1283 AD. The second zhamatoun, reached by an external staircase, contains the tombs of the princes Merik and Grigor. A defensive wall encircled the monastery complex in the 12th to 13th centuries. Most of the monks lived in cells excavated into the rock-face outside the main defensive wall, which have been preserved, along with some simple oratories. St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) chapel is the most ancient preserved monument outside the ramparts and is located on the western side. It is partially hewed in the rock. There are engraved inscriptions on the walls, the earliest of which date back to 1177-1181 AD. Residential and economic constructions were built later, in 17th Century AD. Monastery of Geghard is a renowned ecclesiastical and cultural centre of medieval Armenia, where a school, scriptorium, library and many rock-cut dwelling cells for clergymen could be found in addition to religious constructions. Historians Mkhitar Ayrivanetsi, Simeon Ayrivanetsi, who lived and worked there in 13th Century AD, contributed to the development of the Armenian manuscript art. It was also renowned for the relics housed there. The most celebrated of these was the spear, which had wounded Christ on the Cross and was allegedly brought there by the Apostle Thaddeus, from which comes its present name, Geghardavank (Monastery of the Spear). The spear was kept in the Monastery for 500 years. Relics of the Apostles Andrew and John were donated in 12th Century AD and pious visitors made numerous grants of land, money, and manuscripts over succeeding centuries
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